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Furthermore, in May of 2012, the Argentinian government passed the Gender Identity Law that warrants free choice of gender. On September 14, 2011, the Australian government declared that Australian citizens could register their preferred gender identities on their passports, with medical certificates from their regular physicians, to travel without fear of discrimination. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: Supported by The National Science Council (99-2314-B-075-018), Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V100E3-002, V101C-201, V101E3-002), Brain Research Center of National Yang-Ming University (98A-C-B501_23), and The Aim for the Top University Plan of the Ministry of Education for National Yang-Ming University. Received: SeptemAccepted: JPublished: July 26, 2013Ĭopyright: © 2013 Ku et al. PLoS ONE 8(7):Įditor: Marianna Mazza, Catholic University of Sacred Heart of Rome, Italy (2013) Brain Signature Characterizing the Body-Brain-Mind Axis of Transsexuals. The neural connectivity pattern suggests a brain signature of the psychosocial distress for the gender-sex incongruity of TXs.Ĭitation: Ku H-L, Lin C-S, Chao H-T, Tu P-C, Li C-T, Cheng C-M, et al. By means of functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that the TXs, as opposed to controls (CONs), displayed an increased functional connectivity between the ventral tegmental area, which is associated with dimorphic genital representation, and anterior cingulate cortex subregions, which play a key role in social exclusion, conflict monitoring and punishment adjustment. In this study, we found that TXs identify, when viewing male-female couples in erotic or non-erotic (“neutral”) interactions, with the couple member of the desired gender in both situations. Neuroanatomical and functional brain imaging studies have demonstrated that the GID is associated with brain alterations. Central to the psychological complex of TXs is the conviction of belonging to the opposite sex.
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These varied types were used in numbers from 25 to 2 to 3.Individuals with gender identity disorder (GID), who are commonly referred to as transsexuals (TXs), are afflicted by negative psychosocial stressors. In other words every vehicle that could move and shoot that the German army did't want. In addition they used a few mittler Flampanzer SdKfz 251 16 as well as some of the light self propelled railcars Panzerzug le. English tanks Mark IV, Valentine Mark III, Italian light tanks L 35, L 6, medium tanks M 15, P40 as well as Italian SP guns L 6 and M 42. They used Russian tanks BT 5, BT 7, T 26, T 60, T 70, and T 34. German Mark III F and G as well as some Mark IV Fs. In tanks they used French Renault R 35 Hotchkiss H 39, polish 7TP, German Mark IA, Mark IF and Mark IH light tanks. Italian 4 wheeled armored cars ab 4, Lancia IZM, lince and TL 37 APC. they also used French Panhard 178 4 wheel Armored Cars and Russian 4 wheel BA 20, BA 64 and 6 wheeled heavy armored cars ba 6 and 10. Czech Tatra OA vz 30 2 wheel armored cars and Dutch Landsverk 181 M30 6 wheel armored cars. SDKFZ 232 6 wheel heavy armored cars, Austrian heavy 4 wheeled armored cars. Just off the top of my head they used Ehrhardt and Daimler special police armored police cars built shortly after WW I.